Antonsen, Tarjei; Mann, Ingrid; Vaverka, Jakub; Nouzák, Libor; Fredriksen, Åshild (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-06-15)
We investigate the generation of charge due to collision between projectiles with sizes below ∼1 µm and metal surfaces at speeds ∼0.1 to 10 km s<sup>−1</sup>. This corresponds to speeds above the elastic limit and well below speeds where volume ionization can occur. Impact charge production at these low to intermediate speeds has traditionally been described by invoking the theory of shock wave ...